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"}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"104"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"This is the final report based on work done for a grant titled \u0022Rebuilding Community, Prisoner Reentry and Neighborhood Planning in Post-Katrina New Orleans.\u0022 The report contains three parts:\r\n1. An Introduction to the concepts of Million Dollar Block maps and Justice Reinvestment.\r\n2. Mapping Incarceration in Post-Katrina New Orleans.\r\n3. A description of the neighborhood planing process and the four pilot projects were were implemented as a result of that process. ","format":null,"safe_value":"This is the final report based on work done for a grant titled \u0026quot;Rebuilding Community, Prisoner Reentry and Neighborhood Planning in Post-Katrina New Orleans.\u0026quot; The report contains three parts:\r\n1. An Introduction to the concepts of Million Dollar Block maps and Justice Reinvestment.\r\n2. Mapping Incarceration in Post-Katrina New Orleans.\r\n3. 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The data flows that condition much of our lives now regularly include Global Positioning System (GPS) readings and satellite images of a quality once reserved for a few militaries and intelligence agencies, and powerful geographic information system (GIS) software is now commonplace. These new technologies have raised fundamental questions about the intersection between physical space and its representation, virtual space and its realization. In Close Up at a Distance, Laura Kurgan offers a theoretical account of these new digital technologies of location and a series of practical experiments in making maps and images with spatial data. Neither simply useful tools nor objects of wonder or anxiety, the technologies of GPS, GIS, and satellite imagery become, in this book, the subject and the medium of a critical exploration.\r\n\r\nClose Up at a Distance records situations of intense conflict and struggle, on the one hand, and fundamental transformations in our ways of seeing and of experiencing space, on the other. Kurgan maps and theorizes mass graves, incarceration patterns, disappearing forests, and currency flows in a series of cases that range from Kuwait (1991) to Kosovo (1999), New York (2001) to Indonesia (2010). Using digital spatial hardware and software designed for military and governmental use in reconnaissance, secrecy, monitoring, ballistics, the census, and national security, Kurgan engages and confronts the politics and complexities of these technologies and their uses. 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In Close Up at a Distance, Laura Kurgan offers a theoretical account of these new digital technologies of location and a series of practical experiments in making maps and images with spatial data. Neither simply useful tools nor objects of wonder or anxiety, the technologies of GPS, GIS, and satellite imagery become, in this book, the subject and the medium of a critical exploration.\r\n\r\nClose Up at a Distance records situations of intense conflict and struggle, on the one hand, and fundamental transformations in our ways of seeing and of experiencing space, on the other. Kurgan maps and theorizes mass graves, incarceration patterns, disappearing forests, and currency flows in a series of cases that range from Kuwait (1991) to Kosovo (1999), New York (2001) to Indonesia (2010). 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At the intersection of art, architecture, activism, and geography, she uncovers, in her essays and projects, the opacities inherent in the recording of information and data and reimagines the spaces they have opened up."}]},"field_pub_initiative":[],"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"Close Up at a Distance records situations of intense conflict and struggle, on the one hand, and fundamental transformations in our ways of seeing and of experiencing space, on the other.","format":null,"safe_value":"Close Up at a Distance records situations of intense conflict and struggle, on the one hand, and fundamental transformations in our ways of seeing and of experiencing space, on the other."}]},"field_lead_image":{"und":[{"fid":"789","uid":"39","filename":"Kurgan_CloseUpAtADistance-03.png","uri":"public:\/\/Kurgan_CloseUpAtADistance-03.png","filemime":"image\/png","filesize":"5435575","status":"1","timestamp":"1494959592","type":"image","field_image_caption":[],"field_file_image_alt_text":[],"field_file_image_title_text":[],"metadata":[],"alt":"","title":"","width":"4083","height":"2083"}]},"field_author_c4sr":{"und":[{"nid":"13"}]},"field_author_last_names_for_tabl":{"und":[{"value":"Kurgan","format":null,"safe_value":"Kurgan"}]},"field_publication_short_title_ca":{"und":[{"value":"Close Up at a Distance, Mapping Technology Politics","format":null,"safe_value":"Close Up at a Distance, Mapping Technology Politics"}]},"field_is_website_":{"und":[{"value":"0"}]},"field_pub_themes":{"und":[{"tid":"96"},{"tid":"119"},{"tid":"111"}]},"field_methods":{"und":[{"tid":"110"},{"tid":"75"},{"tid":"97"}]},"field_dashboard_sort_date":{"und":[{"value":"2013-04-23 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"path":"https:\/\/www.zonebooks.org\/books\/28-close-up-at-a-distance-mapping-technology-and-politics","name":"laura","picture":"0","data":"a:6:{s:16:\u0022ckeditor_default\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:20:\u0022ckeditor_show_toggle\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:14:\u0022ckeditor_width\u0022;s:4:\u0022100%\u0022;s:13:\u0022ckeditor_lang\u0022;s:2:\u0022en\u0022;s:18:\u0022ckeditor_auto_lang\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:7:\u0022overlay\u0022;i:1;}","caption":"Close Up at a Distance, Mapping Technology Politics","target_blank":true,"carousel_image":"\u003Cimg class=\u0022img-responsive\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/csr_carousel_small\/public\/Kurgan_CloseUpAtADistance-03.png?itok=8SD-uUd_\u0022 width=\u0022190\u0022 height=\u0022120\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E","initiative":"","sort_date":"2013","author":"Laura Kurgan","pub_name":"Zone Books, 2013","pub_link":"https:\/\/www.zonebooks.org\/books\/28-close-up-at-a-distance-mapping-technology-and-politics","pub_pdf":"","image_uri":"public:\/\/Kurgan_CloseUpAtADistance-03.png","image_large":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/c4sr_large_inline_slideshow_980x500\/public\/Kurgan_CloseUpAtADistance-03.png?itok=a1UHrXG4","image_small":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/homepage-400x300\/public\/Kurgan_CloseUpAtADistance-03.png?itok=fXsdcOZa"}},{"nid":"222","access":true,"node":{"vid":"222","uid":"39","title":"Port to Port","log":"","status":"1","comment":"1","promote":"0","sticky":"0","nid":"222","type":"publication","language":"und","created":"1460134674","changed":"1472849165","tnid":"0","translate":"0","revision_timestamp":"1472849165","revision_uid":"39","field_author":{"und":[{"value":"Juan Saldarriaga, Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jen Lowe","format":null,"safe_value":"Juan Saldarriaga, Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jen Lowe"}]},"field_publication_date":{"und":[{"value":"2014-07-08 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"field_publication_name_page_numb":{"und":[{"value":"Spatial Information Design Lab","format":null,"safe_value":"Spatial Information Design Lab"}]},"field_keywords":[],"field_pdf":[],"field_publication_link":{"und":[{"url":"http:\/\/spatialinformationdesignlab.org\/project_sites\/port_to_port\/","title":null,"attributes":[],"original_title":null,"original_url":"http:\/\/spatialinformationdesignlab.org\/project_sites\/port_to_port\/"}]},"field_publication_description":{"und":[{"value":"Ninety percent of all goods worldwide are moved by ship, but shipping is mostly invisible. More than 300 million Metric Tons of energy are shipped in and out of the United States each year, in 60,000 shipments. This project presents the ports and paths of the 2.7 billion Metric Tons of energy shipped through more than 90 US ports from 2002 - 2012. Using data assembled by Thomson Reuters, Port to Port maps global oil shipping routes as well as other forms of energy navigating ocean territories to and from the United States. Using D3 as an interactive web platform we designed a map interface that is scaled globally while embedded with local stories about energy movement from port to port. Data can be viewed across time, which reveal changes in patterns of movement as the geopolitics, price of oil, and conditions at specific ports change.","format":null,"safe_value":"Ninety percent of all goods worldwide are moved by ship, but shipping is mostly invisible. More than 300 million Metric Tons of energy are shipped in and out of the United States each year, in 60,000 shipments. This project presents the ports and paths of the 2.7 billion Metric Tons of energy shipped through more than 90 US ports from 2002 - 2012. Using data assembled by Thomson Reuters, Port to Port maps global oil shipping routes as well as other forms of energy navigating ocean territories to and from the United States. Using D3 as an interactive web platform we designed a map interface that is scaled globally while embedded with local stories about energy movement from port to port. Data can be viewed across time, which reveal changes in patterns of movement as the geopolitics, price of oil, and conditions at specific ports change."}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"79"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"Ninety percent of all goods worldwide are moved by ship, but shipping is mostly invisible. More than 300 million Metric Tons of energy are shipped in and out of the United States each year, in 60,000 shipments. This project presents the ports and paths of the 2.7 billion Metric Tons of energy shipped through more than 90 US ports from 2002 - 2012. Using data assembled by Thomson Reuters, Port to Port maps global oil shipping routes as well as other forms of energy navigating ocean territories to and from the United States. Using D3 as an interactive web platform we designed a map interface that is scaled globally while embedded with local stories about energy movement from port to port. Data can be viewed across time, which reveal changes in patterns of movement as the geopolitics, price of oil, and conditions at specific ports change.","format":null,"safe_value":"Ninety percent of all goods worldwide are moved by ship, but shipping is mostly invisible. More than 300 million Metric Tons of energy are shipped in and out of the United States each year, in 60,000 shipments. 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Images are much more difficult for automated search programs to analyze, which allows image-based content to spread more widely before it is detected and removed. Taking advantage of this, some users now turning writing into images, taking screenshots of their own and others\u0027 controversial posts before they\u0027re removed, then posting and re\u2013posting them. The project visualizes Weibo posts that were posted and deleted between September 8th to November 13th, in 2013.","format":null,"safe_value":"This project visualizes a relatively new phenomenon: online free expression in China. It examines some innovative strategies employed by users of Weibo, a Twitter\u2013like micro\u2013blogging platform, in order to avoid government censorship bloggers post images as text. Images are much more difficult for automated search programs to analyze, which allows image-based content to spread more widely before it is detected and removed. Taking advantage of this, some users now turning writing into images, taking screenshots of their own and others\u0026#039; controversial posts before they\u0026#039;re removed, then posting and re\u2013posting them. 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At the time of writing, in February 2016, the few roads into and out of the city are blocked. What are believed to be Russian warplanes have been targeting rebel-held neighborhoods in an effort to help President Bashar al-Assad regain control of\u00a0the city. Hundreds of thousands of Syrians have been killed or injured, and an estimated nine million people have been displaced. Our research on Aleppo focuses on the urban cost of the civil war, and what it implies for the city to which survivors might one day return. ","format":null,"safe_value":"Almost five years after the start of the civil war in Syria, Aleppo is still under siege. At the time of writing, in February 2016, the few roads into and out of the city are blocked. What are believed to be Russian warplanes have been targeting rebel-held neighborhoods in an effort to help President Bashar al-Assad regain control of\u00a0the city. Hundreds of thousands of Syrians have been killed or injured, and an estimated nine million people have been displaced. Our research on Aleppo focuses on the urban cost of the civil war, and what it implies for the city to which survivors might one day return. "}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"Almost five years after the start of the civil war in Syria, Aleppo is still under siege. At the time of writing, in February 2016, the few roads into and out of the city are blocked. What are believed to be Russian warplanes have been targeting rebel-held neighborhoods in an effort to help President Bashar al-Assad regain control of\u00a0the city. Hundreds of thousands of Syrians have been killed or injured, and an estimated nine million people have been displaced. Our research on Aleppo focuses on the urban cost of the civil war, and what it implies for the city to which survivors might one day return. 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In this project we plot the trajectories of these Colombians in conflict. This mass migration, with its dense network of specific and often hyper-local causes, forms one part of the much larger global story of human beings on the move, mostly from countryside to city. But this movement of people also underlines the fact that the massive urbanization of the planet is born out of conflict. This article about our contribution to the 2016 Oslo Architectural Triennale was published in the exhibition\u2019s catalog, After Belonging: The Objects, Spaces, and Territories of the Ways We Stay in Transit.","format":null,"safe_value":"Over the course of the last thirty years, more than 7 million Colombians have left their homes and towns in a search for safety. In this project we plot the trajectories of these Colombians in conflict. 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This article about our contribution to the 2016 Oslo Architectural Triennale was published in the exhibition\u2019s catalog, After Belonging: The Objects, Spaces, and Territories of the Ways We Stay in Transit.","format":null,"safe_value":"Over the course of the last thirty years, more than 7 million Colombians have left their homes and towns in a search for safety. In this project we plot the trajectories of these Colombians in conflict. 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This devastation of a designated World Heritage Site is a poignant example of the human and cultural cost of armed conflict \u2013 in this case the Syrian Civil War. The Center for Spatial Research has analyzed satellite imagery and reports from the ground to assess the damage in Aleppo. In this article, Laura Kurgan discusses the initiative and its sometimes puzzling findings.","format":null,"safe_value":"One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on the planet, Aleppo now lies in tatters. This devastation of a designated World Heritage Site is a poignant example of the human and cultural cost of armed conflict \u2013 in this case the Syrian Civil War. The Center for Spatial Research has analyzed satellite imagery and reports from the ground to assess the damage in Aleppo. In this article, Laura Kurgan discusses the initiative and its sometimes puzzling findings."}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"In this article for Architectural Design, Laura Kurgan discusses the Conflict Urbanism: Aleppo project and its sometimes puzzling findings. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on the planet, Aleppo now lies in tatters. This devastation of a designated World Heritage Site is a poignant example of the human and cultural cost of armed conflict \u2013 in this case the Syrian Civil War. The Center for Spatial Research has analyzed satellite imagery and reports from the ground to assess the damage in Aleppo. ","format":null,"safe_value":"In this article for Architectural Design, Laura Kurgan discusses the Conflict Urbanism: Aleppo project and its sometimes puzzling findings. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on the planet, Aleppo now lies in tatters. This devastation of a designated World Heritage Site is a poignant example of the human and cultural cost of armed conflict \u2013 in this case the Syrian Civil War. The Center for Spatial Research has analyzed satellite imagery and reports from the ground to assess the damage in Aleppo. "}]},"field_lead_image":{"und":[{"fid":"960","uid":"1","filename":"Kurgan_AD_ConflictUrbanismAleppo_2017.png","uri":"public:\/\/Kurgan_AD_ConflictUrbanismAleppo_2017.png","filemime":"image\/png","filesize":"3525026","status":"1","timestamp":"1552850455","type":"image","field_image_caption":[],"field_file_image_alt_text":[],"field_file_image_title_text":[],"metadata":{"height":2083,"width":4083},"height":"2083","width":"4083","alt":"","title":""}]},"field_author_c4sr":{"und":[{"nid":"13"}]},"field_author_last_names_for_tabl":{"und":[{"value":"Kurgan","format":null,"safe_value":"Kurgan"}]},"field_publication_short_title_ca":{"und":[{"value":"Conflict Urbanism, Aleppo: Mapping Urban Damage","format":null,"safe_value":"Conflict Urbanism, Aleppo: Mapping Urban Damage"}]},"field_is_website_":{"und":[{"value":"0"}]},"field_pub_themes":{"und":[{"tid":"94"},{"tid":"119"}]},"field_methods":{"und":[{"tid":"103"},{"tid":"101"}]},"field_dashboard_sort_date":{"und":[{"value":"2017-01-01 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"path":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ad.2134\/full","name":"dare","picture":"0","data":"a:5:{s:16:\u0022ckeditor_default\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:20:\u0022ckeditor_show_toggle\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:14:\u0022ckeditor_width\u0022;s:4:\u0022100%\u0022;s:13:\u0022ckeditor_lang\u0022;s:2:\u0022en\u0022;s:18:\u0022ckeditor_auto_lang\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;}","caption":"Conflict Urbanism, Aleppo: Mapping Urban Damage","target_blank":true,"carousel_image":"\u003Cimg class=\u0022img-responsive\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/csr_carousel_small\/public\/Kurgan_AD_ConflictUrbanismAleppo_2017.png?itok=8qnV6cnv\u0022 width=\u0022190\u0022 height=\u0022120\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E","initiative":"Conflict Urbanism","sort_date":"2017","author":"Laura Kurgan","pub_name":"AD \/ Architectural Design","pub_link":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ad.2134\/full","pub_pdf":"","image_uri":"public:\/\/Kurgan_AD_ConflictUrbanismAleppo_2017.png","image_large":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/c4sr_large_inline_slideshow_980x500\/public\/Kurgan_AD_ConflictUrbanismAleppo_2017.png?itok=rOXsGbEL","image_small":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/homepage-400x300\/public\/Kurgan_AD_ConflictUrbanismAleppo_2017.png?itok=swiRNvne"}},{"nid":"326","access":true,"node":{"vid":"326","uid":"39","title":"Access to Taxicabs for Unbanked Households: An Exploratory Analysis in New York City","log":"","status":"1","comment":"0","promote":"0","sticky":"0","nid":"326","type":"publication","language":"und","created":"1485533605","changed":"1494957230","tnid":"0","translate":"0","revision_timestamp":"1494957230","revision_uid":"39","field_author":{"und":[{"value":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, David A. King","format":null,"safe_value":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, David A. King"}]},"field_publication_date":{"und":[{"value":"2017-01-27 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"field_publication_name_page_numb":{"und":[{"value":"Journal of Public Transportation","format":null,"safe_value":"Journal of Public Transportation"}]},"field_keywords":[],"field_pdf":{"und":[{"fid":"771","uid":"39","filename":"AccesstoTaxicabsforUnbankedHouseholds.pdf","uri":"public:\/\/publication_pdfs\/AccesstoTaxicabsforUnbankedHouseholds.pdf","filemime":"application\/pdf","filesize":"1634029","status":"1","timestamp":"1485533605","type":"default","metadata":[],"display":"1","description":""}]},"field_publication_link":[],"field_publication_description":{"und":[{"value":"Taxicabs are critical complements to public transit systems. In New York City, ubiquitous yellow cabs are as iconic as the city\u2019s subway system, and the city recently added green taxicabs to improve taxi service in areas outside of the Central Business Districts and airports. In this paper, we used multiple datasets to explore taxicab fare payments by neighborhood and examine how paid taxicab fares are associated with use of conventional banking services. There are clear spatial dimensions of the propensity of riders to pay cash, and we found that both immigrant status and being \u201cunbanked\u201d are strong predictors of cash transactions. These results have implications for local regulations of the for-hire vehicle industry, particularly in the context of the rapid growth of services that require credit cards to use. At the very least, existing and new providers of transit services must consider access to mainstream financial products as part of their equity analyses.\r\n","format":null,"safe_value":"Taxicabs are critical complements to public transit systems. In New York City, ubiquitous yellow cabs are as iconic as the city\u2019s subway system, and the city recently added green taxicabs to improve taxi service in areas outside of the Central Business Districts and airports. In this paper, we used multiple datasets to explore taxicab fare payments by neighborhood and examine how paid taxicab fares are associated with use of conventional banking services. There are clear spatial dimensions of the propensity of riders to pay cash, and we found that both immigrant status and being \u201cunbanked\u201d are strong predictors of cash transactions. These results have implications for local regulations of the for-hire vehicle industry, particularly in the context of the rapid growth of services that require credit cards to use. At the very least, existing and new providers of transit services must consider access to mainstream financial products as part of their equity analyses.\r\n"}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"79"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"In this paper, we used multiple datasets to explore taxicab fare payments by neighborhood and examine how paid taxicab fares are associated with use of conventional banking services. There are clear spatial dimensions of the propensity of riders to pay cash, and we found that both immigrant status and being \u201cunbanked\u201d are strong predictors of cash transactions. These results have implications for local regulations of the for-hire vehicle industry, particularly in the context of the rapid growth of services that require credit cards to use.","format":null,"safe_value":"In this paper, we used multiple datasets to explore taxicab fare payments by neighborhood and examine how paid taxicab fares are associated with use of conventional banking services. There are clear spatial dimensions of the propensity of riders to pay cash, and we found that both immigrant status and being \u201cunbanked\u201d are strong predictors of cash transactions. These results have implications for local regulations of the for-hire vehicle industry, particularly in the context of the rapid growth of services that require credit cards to use."}]},"field_lead_image":{"und":[{"fid":"784","uid":"39","filename":"Payment_Type_Oct_2014_Green_Rdm_Dest-01_0.jpg","uri":"public:\/\/Payment_Type_Oct_2014_Green_Rdm_Dest-01_0.jpg","filemime":"image\/jpeg","filesize":"160724","status":"1","timestamp":"1494957230","type":"image","field_image_caption":[],"field_file_image_alt_text":[],"field_file_image_title_text":[],"metadata":[],"alt":"","title":"","width":"980","height":"500"}]},"field_author_c4sr":{"und":[{"nid":"203"},{"nid":"14"}]},"field_author_last_names_for_tabl":{"und":[{"value":"King, Saldarriaga","format":null,"safe_value":"King, Saldarriaga"}]},"field_publication_short_title_ca":{"und":[{"value":"Access to Taxicabs for Unbanked Households","format":null,"safe_value":"Access to Taxicabs for Unbanked Households"}]},"field_is_website_":{"und":[{"value":"0"}]},"field_pub_themes":{"und":[{"tid":"81"},{"tid":"96"},{"tid":"93"},{"tid":"88"},{"tid":"82"}]},"field_methods":{"und":[{"tid":"76"},{"tid":"105"},{"tid":"103"}]},"field_dashboard_sort_date":{"und":[{"value":"2017-01-27 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"path":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publication_pdfs\/AccesstoTaxicabsforUnbankedHouseholds.pdf","name":"dare","picture":"0","data":"a:5:{s:16:\u0022ckeditor_default\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:20:\u0022ckeditor_show_toggle\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:14:\u0022ckeditor_width\u0022;s:4:\u0022100%\u0022;s:13:\u0022ckeditor_lang\u0022;s:2:\u0022en\u0022;s:18:\u0022ckeditor_auto_lang\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;}","caption":"Access to Taxicabs for Unbanked Households: An Exploratory Analysis in New York City","target_blank":true,"carousel_image":"\u003Cimg class=\u0022img-responsive\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/csr_carousel_small\/public\/Payment_Type_Oct_2014_Green_Rdm_Dest-01_0.jpg?itok=abL9LRwc\u0022 width=\u0022190\u0022 height=\u0022120\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E","initiative":"Advanced Data Visualization","sort_date":"2017","author":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, David A. King","pub_name":"Journal of Public Transportation","pub_link":"","pub_pdf":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publication_pdfs\/AccesstoTaxicabsforUnbankedHouseholds.pdf","image_uri":"public:\/\/Payment_Type_Oct_2014_Green_Rdm_Dest-01_0.jpg","image_large":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/c4sr_large_inline_slideshow_980x500\/public\/Payment_Type_Oct_2014_Green_Rdm_Dest-01_0.jpg?itok=m1H7JOQH","image_small":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/homepage-400x300\/public\/Payment_Type_Oct_2014_Green_Rdm_Dest-01_0.jpg?itok=Y4QygBRJ"}},{"nid":"335","access":true,"node":{"vid":"335","uid":"39","title":"Visualizing the Victims of the Colombian Conflict","log":"","status":"1","comment":"0","promote":"0","sticky":"0","nid":"335","type":"publication","language":"und","created":"1494956776","changed":"1494958823","tnid":"0","translate":"0","revision_timestamp":"1494958823","revision_uid":"39","field_author":{"und":[{"value":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga","format":null,"safe_value":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga"}]},"field_publication_date":{"und":[{"value":"2017-03-10 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"field_publication_name_page_numb":{"und":[{"value":"Yuca","format":null,"safe_value":"Yuca"}]},"field_keywords":[],"field_pdf":[],"field_publication_link":{"und":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.yucamag.com\/issue_i\/","title":null,"attributes":[],"original_title":null,"original_url":"http:\/\/www.yucamag.com\/issue_i\/"}]},"field_publication_description":{"und":[{"value":"This article published by Yuca magazine describes the Conflict Urbanism: Colombia project. In it, Juan Francisco Saldarriaga describes how, having grown up in Colombia, working on this project has changed his understanding of the conflict. The article describes the maps, graphs, color pixels, and thickening lines that have shown the size and magnitude of the worst massacres, revealed the moments and events that caused stakeholders to change positions, and made evident the constant and painful journeys of the displaced and other victims.\r\n","format":null,"safe_value":"This article published by Yuca magazine describes the Conflict Urbanism: Colombia project. In it, Juan Francisco Saldarriaga describes how, having grown up in Colombia, working on this project has changed his understanding of the conflict. The article describes the maps, graphs, color pixels, and thickening lines that have shown the size and magnitude of the worst massacres, revealed the moments and events that caused stakeholders to change positions, and made evident the constant and painful journeys of the displaced and other victims.\r\n"}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"This article published by Yuca magazine describes the Conflict Urbanism: Colombia project. In it, Juan Francisco Saldarriaga describes how, having grown up in Colombia, working on this project has changed his understanding of the conflict. The article describes the maps, graphs, color pixels, and thickening lines that have shown the size and magnitude of the worst massacres, revealed the moments and events that caused stakeholders to change positions, and made evident the constant and painful journeys of the displaced and other victims.\r\n","format":null,"safe_value":"This article published by Yuca magazine describes the Conflict Urbanism: Colombia project. In it, Juan Francisco Saldarriaga describes how, having grown up in Colombia, working on this project has changed his understanding of the conflict. 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The term designates not simply the conflicts that take place in cities, but also conflict as a structuring principle of cities intrinsically, as a way of inhabiting and creating urban space. The increasing urbanization of warfare are examples of the term but conflict is not limited to war and violence. Cities are not only destroyed but also built through conflict. They have long been arenas of friction, difference, and dissidence, and their irreducibly conflictual character manifests itself in everything from neighborhood borders, to differences of opinion and status, to ordinary encounters on the street. This article discusses two projects currently under way at CSR that use mapping and data visualization to explore and analyze Conflict Urbanism in two different contexts: the city of Aleppo, and the nation of Colombia.\r\n","format":null,"safe_value":"The Center for Spatial Research (CSR) is undertaking a multiyear project investigating what we have termed Conflict Urbanism. The term designates not simply the conflicts that take place in cities, but also conflict as a structuring principle of cities intrinsically, as a way of inhabiting and creating urban space. The increasing urbanization of warfare are examples of the term but conflict is not limited to war and violence. Cities are not only destroyed but also built through conflict. They have long been arenas of friction, difference, and dissidence, and their irreducibly conflictual character manifests itself in everything from neighborhood borders, to differences of opinion and status, to ordinary encounters on the street. This article discusses two projects currently under way at CSR that use mapping and data visualization to explore and analyze Conflict Urbanism in two different contexts: the city of Aleppo, and the nation of Colombia.\r\n"}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"This article, published by the open access journal Urban Planning, outlines recent work as part of the multiyear Conflict Urbanism project. This article discusses two projects currently under way that use mapping and data visualization to explore and analyze Conflict Urbanism in two different contexts: the city of Aleppo, and the nation of Colombia. Both projects interrogate the world of \u2018big data,\u2019 as a means to open up new areas of research and inquiry, but with a particular focus on data literacy as an essential part of communicating with these new forms of urban information.","format":null,"safe_value":"This article, published by the open access journal Urban Planning, outlines recent work as part of the multiyear Conflict Urbanism project. This article discusses two projects currently under way that use mapping and data visualization to explore and analyze Conflict Urbanism in two different contexts: the city of Aleppo, and the nation of Colombia. Both projects interrogate the world of \u2018big data,\u2019 as a means to open up new areas of research and inquiry, but with a particular focus on data literacy as an essential part of communicating with these new forms of urban information."}]},"field_lead_image":{"und":[{"fid":"781","uid":"39","filename":"CSR_VisualizingConflict_UrbanPlanning.png","uri":"public:\/\/CSR_VisualizingConflict_UrbanPlanning.png","filemime":"image\/png","filesize":"1318461","status":"1","timestamp":"1494952772","type":"image","field_image_caption":[],"field_file_image_alt_text":[],"field_file_image_title_text":[],"metadata":[],"alt":"","title":"","width":"988","height":"504"}]},"field_author_c4sr":{"und":[{"nid":"137"},{"nid":"14"},{"nid":"13"}]},"field_author_last_names_for_tabl":{"und":[{"value":"Saldarriaga, Kurgan, Brawley","format":null,"safe_value":"Saldarriaga, Kurgan, Brawley"}]},"field_publication_short_title_ca":{"und":[{"value":"Visualizing Conflict: Possibilities for Urban Research","format":null,"safe_value":"Visualizing Conflict: Possibilities for Urban Research"}]},"field_is_website_":{"und":[{"value":"0"}]},"field_pub_themes":{"und":[{"tid":"94"},{"tid":"95"},{"tid":"111"}]},"field_methods":{"und":[{"tid":"105"},{"tid":"103"},{"tid":"75"}]},"field_dashboard_sort_date":{"und":[{"value":"2017-04-04 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"path":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publication_pdfs\/SaldarriagaKurganBrawley_VisualizingConflict_2017_UrbanPlanningVol2.pdf","name":"dare","picture":"0","data":"a:5:{s:16:\u0022ckeditor_default\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:20:\u0022ckeditor_show_toggle\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:14:\u0022ckeditor_width\u0022;s:4:\u0022100%\u0022;s:13:\u0022ckeditor_lang\u0022;s:2:\u0022en\u0022;s:18:\u0022ckeditor_auto_lang\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;}","caption":"Visualizing Conflict: Possibilities for Urban Research","target_blank":true,"carousel_image":"\u003Cimg class=\u0022img-responsive\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/csr_carousel_small\/public\/CSR_VisualizingConflict_UrbanPlanning.png?itok=doPN5EYw\u0022 width=\u0022190\u0022 height=\u0022120\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E","initiative":"Conflict Urbanism","sort_date":"2017","author":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley","pub_name":"Urban Planning","pub_link":"","pub_pdf":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publication_pdfs\/SaldarriagaKurganBrawley_VisualizingConflict_2017_UrbanPlanningVol2.pdf","image_uri":"public:\/\/CSR_VisualizingConflict_UrbanPlanning.png","image_large":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/c4sr_large_inline_slideshow_980x500\/public\/CSR_VisualizingConflict_UrbanPlanning.png?itok=14lznYzl","image_small":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/homepage-400x300\/public\/CSR_VisualizingConflict_UrbanPlanning.png?itok=KucEFWlS"}},{"nid":"474","access":true,"node":{"vid":"474","uid":"39","title":"Homophily: the Urban History of an Algorithm","log":"","status":"1","comment":"0","promote":"0","sticky":"0","nid":"474","type":"publication","language":"und","created":"1574878571","changed":"1603836123","tnid":"0","translate":"0","revision_timestamp":"1603836123","revision_uid":"39","field_author":{"und":[{"value":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jia Zhang, Brian House, Wendy Chun","format":null,"safe_value":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jia Zhang, Brian House, Wendy Chun"}]},"field_publication_date":{"und":[{"value":"2019-10-01 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"field_publication_name_page_numb":{"und":[{"value":"e-flux Architecture","format":null,"safe_value":"e-flux Architecture"}]},"field_keywords":[],"field_pdf":[],"field_publication_link":{"und":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.e-flux.com\/architecture\/are-friends-electric\/289193\/homophily-the-urban-history-of-an-algorithm\/","title":null,"attributes":[],"original_title":null,"original_url":"https:\/\/www.e-flux.com\/architecture\/are-friends-electric\/289193\/homophily-the-urban-history-of-an-algorithm\/"}]},"field_publication_description":{"und":[{"value":"Coined by researchers Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton in an influential 1954 study of friendships in Addison Terrace, a public housing project in Pittsburgh, the concept of \u201chomophily\u201d names \u201cthe tendency for friendships to form between people \u2018of the same kind.\u2019\u201d Focusing on the residents\u0027 attitudes toward racial integration and segregation, they concluded that close friendships form and persist not simply on the basis of shared identities but thanks to shared values and beliefs. The model of homophily was born in this mid-century urban struggle over race and space. \r\n\r\nThis article uses series of probes into the archives of Lazarsfeld and Merton to uncover the history of the concept of homophily and its influence on urbanism and network science. Their archive is not simply something from the past. It speaks directly to our present, our segregated cities and our polarized platforms, where the effects of research in a housing project now reverberate at much greater scale in networks and networked cities.\r\n\r\nIMAGE CREDIT Aerial view of Terrace Village under construction, ca. 1940. Source: Allegheny Conference on Community Development Photographs, 1875\u20131981, Detre Library \u0026 Archives, Heinz History Center, Pittsburgh. ","format":null,"safe_value":"Coined by researchers Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton in an influential 1954 study of friendships in Addison Terrace, a public housing project in Pittsburgh, the concept of \u201chomophily\u201d names \u201cthe tendency for friendships to form between people \u2018of the same kind.\u2019\u201d Focusing on the residents\u0026#039; attitudes toward racial integration and segregation, they concluded that close friendships form and persist not simply on the basis of shared identities but thanks to shared values and beliefs. The model of homophily was born in this mid-century urban struggle over race and space. \r\n\r\nThis article uses series of probes into the archives of Lazarsfeld and Merton to uncover the history of the concept of homophily and its influence on urbanism and network science. Their archive is not simply something from the past. It speaks directly to our present, our segregated cities and our polarized platforms, where the effects of research in a housing project now reverberate at much greater scale in networks and networked cities.\r\n\r\nIMAGE CREDIT Aerial view of Terrace Village under construction, ca. 1940. Source: Allegheny Conference on Community Development Photographs, 1875\u20131981, Detre Library \u0026amp; Archives, Heinz History Center, Pittsburgh. "}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"An article in e-flux Architecture on the urban origins of the term homophily, its formalization and proliferation through the algorithmic logics of online networks, and the risks we run when it becomes not just a descriptive model but a prescriptive rule for social life. Published in conjunction with an exhibition for the 2019 Chicago Architecture Biennial.","format":null,"safe_value":"An article in e-flux Architecture on the urban origins of the term homophily, its formalization and proliferation through the algorithmic logics of online networks, and the risks we run when it becomes not just a descriptive model but a prescriptive rule for social life. Published in conjunction with an exhibition for the 2019 Chicago Architecture Biennial."}]},"field_lead_image":{"und":[{"fid":"998","uid":"39","filename":"MSP_285_B012_F015_I13.jpg","uri":"public:\/\/MSP_285_B012_F015_I13.jpg","filemime":"image\/jpeg","filesize":"1193685","status":"1","timestamp":"1574878571","type":"image","field_image_caption":[],"field_file_image_alt_text":[],"field_file_image_title_text":[],"metadata":{"height":4360,"width":5610},"height":"4360","width":"5610","alt":"","title":""}]},"field_author_c4sr":[],"field_author_last_names_for_tabl":{"und":[{"value":"Kurgan, Brawley, House, Zhang, Chun","format":null,"safe_value":"Kurgan, Brawley, House, Zhang, Chun"}]},"field_publication_short_title_ca":{"und":[{"value":"Homophily: the Urban History of an Algorithm","format":null,"safe_value":"Homophily: the Urban History of an Algorithm"}]},"field_is_website_":{"und":[{"value":"0"}]},"field_pub_themes":{"und":[{"tid":"94"},{"tid":"81"},{"tid":"89"},{"tid":"95"},{"tid":"87"}]},"field_methods":{"und":[{"tid":"105"},{"tid":"110"},{"tid":"99"}]},"field_dashboard_sort_date":{"und":[{"value":"2019-10-01 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"path":"https:\/\/www.e-flux.com\/architecture\/are-friends-electric\/289193\/homophily-the-urban-history-of-an-algorithm\/","name":"dare","picture":"0","data":"a:5:{s:16:\u0022ckeditor_default\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:20:\u0022ckeditor_show_toggle\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:14:\u0022ckeditor_width\u0022;s:4:\u0022100%\u0022;s:13:\u0022ckeditor_lang\u0022;s:2:\u0022en\u0022;s:18:\u0022ckeditor_auto_lang\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;}","caption":"Homophily: the Urban History of an Algorithm","target_blank":true,"carousel_image":"\u003Cimg class=\u0022img-responsive\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/csr_carousel_small\/public\/MSP_285_B012_F015_I13.jpg?itok=XKvYZyHF\u0022 width=\u0022190\u0022 height=\u0022120\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E","initiative":"Conflict Urbanism","sort_date":"2019","author":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jia Zhang, Brian House, Wendy Chun","pub_name":"e-flux Architecture","pub_link":"https:\/\/www.e-flux.com\/architecture\/are-friends-electric\/289193\/homophily-the-urban-history-of-an-algorithm\/","pub_pdf":"","image_uri":"public:\/\/MSP_285_B012_F015_I13.jpg","image_large":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/c4sr_large_inline_slideshow_980x500\/public\/MSP_285_B012_F015_I13.jpg?itok=eN28rwok","image_small":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/homepage-400x300\/public\/MSP_285_B012_F015_I13.jpg?itok=WepNKyo9"}},{"nid":"471","access":true,"node":{"vid":"471","uid":"39","title":"A Gravity Model Analysis of Forced Displacement in Colombia","log":"","status":"1","comment":"0","promote":"0","sticky":"0","nid":"471","type":"publication","language":"und","created":"1574875908","changed":"1603835980","tnid":"0","translate":"0","revision_timestamp":"1603835980","revision_uid":"39","field_author":{"und":[{"value":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, Yuan Hua","format":null,"safe_value":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, Yuan Hua"}]},"field_publication_date":{"und":[{"value":"2019-07-11 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"field_publication_name_page_numb":{"und":[{"value":"Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning","format":null,"safe_value":"Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning"}]},"field_keywords":[],"field_pdf":{"und":[{"fid":"987","uid":"39","filename":"Cities_GravityModelColombia.pdf","uri":"public:\/\/publication_pdfs\/Cities_GravityModelColombia.pdf","filemime":"application\/pdf","filesize":"2410280","status":"1","timestamp":"1574875908","type":"document","metadata":[],"display":"1","description":""}]},"field_publication_link":[],"field_publication_description":{"und":[{"value":"Between 1985 and 2016 more than 7 million people were victims of forced displacement in Colombia. At the height of the conflict, more than 90% of municipalities in the country saw some form of displacement. In this study we extend the traditional gravity model of migration to analyze the flows of internally displaced people in Colombia between 1986 and 2015, and identify some of the main factors involved in people\u0027s choice of destination. We find violence at the origin municipality to be the most important driver of displacement. Similarly, destination municipalities with larger social networks of victims of displacement, larger overall populations, and closer to places of origin attract more displaced people. We propose forced displacement be treated as regional- level phenomenon and planners, city officials, and aid organizations focus their attention on medium-sized regional centers. Because of the importance of social networks in driving people\u0027s choice of destination, city officials, planners and aid organizations should closely collaborate with grassroots community organizations to adequately allocate resources and plan for new arrivals.","format":null,"safe_value":"Between 1985 and 2016 more than 7 million people were victims of forced displacement in Colombia. At the height of the conflict, more than 90% of municipalities in the country saw some form of displacement. In this study we extend the traditional gravity model of migration to analyze the flows of internally displaced people in Colombia between 1986 and 2015, and identify some of the main factors involved in people\u0026#039;s choice of destination. We find violence at the origin municipality to be the most important driver of displacement. Similarly, destination municipalities with larger social networks of victims of displacement, larger overall populations, and closer to places of origin attract more displaced people. We propose forced displacement be treated as regional- level phenomenon and planners, city officials, and aid organizations focus their attention on medium-sized regional centers. Because of the importance of social networks in driving people\u0026#039;s choice of destination, city officials, planners and aid organizations should closely collaborate with grassroots community organizations to adequately allocate resources and plan for new arrivals."}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"An article analyzing internal displacement in Colombia was published in Cities in summer 2019. Between 1985 and 2016 more than 7 million people were victims of forced displacement in Colombia. At the height of the conflict, more than 90% of municipalities in the country saw some form of displacement. In this study we extend the traditional gravity model of migration to analyze the flows of internally displaced people in Colombia between 1986 and 2015, and identify some of the main factors involved in people\u0027s choice of destination.","format":null,"safe_value":"An article analyzing internal displacement in Colombia was published in Cities in summer 2019. Between 1985 and 2016 more than 7 million people were victims of forced displacement in Colombia. At the height of the conflict, more than 90% of municipalities in the country saw some form of displacement. In this study we extend the traditional gravity model of migration to analyze the flows of internally displaced people in Colombia between 1986 and 2015, and identify some of the main factors involved in people\u0026#039;s choice of destination."}]},"field_lead_image":{"und":[{"fid":"989","uid":"39","filename":"00_Displacement_Lines_Zoom_02-01.png","uri":"public:\/\/00_Displacement_Lines_Zoom_02-01_0.png","filemime":"image\/png","filesize":"3280831","status":"1","timestamp":"1574875908","type":"image","field_image_caption":[],"field_file_image_alt_text":[],"field_file_image_title_text":[],"metadata":{"height":1181,"width":1772},"height":"1181","width":"1772","alt":"","title":""}]},"field_author_c4sr":{"und":[{"nid":"14"}]},"field_author_last_names_for_tabl":{"und":[{"value":"Saldarriaga, Hua","format":null,"safe_value":"Saldarriaga, Hua"}]},"field_publication_short_title_ca":{"und":[{"value":"A Gravity Model Analysis of Forced Displacement in Colombia","format":null,"safe_value":"A Gravity Model Analysis of Forced Displacement in Colombia"}]},"field_is_website_":{"und":[{"value":"0"}]},"field_pub_themes":{"und":[{"tid":"94"},{"tid":"81"},{"tid":"96"},{"tid":"91"}]},"field_methods":{"und":[{"tid":"76"},{"tid":"103"},{"tid":"98"}]},"field_dashboard_sort_date":{"und":[{"value":"2019-07-11 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"path":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publication_pdfs\/Cities_GravityModelColombia.pdf","name":"dare","picture":"0","data":"a:5:{s:16:\u0022ckeditor_default\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:20:\u0022ckeditor_show_toggle\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:14:\u0022ckeditor_width\u0022;s:4:\u0022100%\u0022;s:13:\u0022ckeditor_lang\u0022;s:2:\u0022en\u0022;s:18:\u0022ckeditor_auto_lang\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;}","caption":"A Gravity Model Analysis of Forced Displacement in Colombia","target_blank":true,"carousel_image":"\u003Cimg class=\u0022img-responsive\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/csr_carousel_small\/public\/00_Displacement_Lines_Zoom_02-01_0.png?itok=WHOLi2F1\u0022 width=\u0022190\u0022 height=\u0022120\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E","initiative":"Conflict Urbanism","sort_date":"2019","author":"Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, Yuan Hua","pub_name":"Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning","pub_link":"","pub_pdf":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publication_pdfs\/Cities_GravityModelColombia.pdf","image_uri":"public:\/\/00_Displacement_Lines_Zoom_02-01_0.png","image_large":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/c4sr_large_inline_slideshow_980x500\/public\/00_Displacement_Lines_Zoom_02-01_0.png?itok=fvMij5jF","image_small":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/homepage-400x300\/public\/00_Displacement_Lines_Zoom_02-01_0.png?itok=rFENpEdN"}},{"nid":"473","access":true,"node":{"vid":"473","uid":"39","title":"Ways of Knowing Cities","log":"","status":"1","comment":"0","promote":"0","sticky":"0","nid":"473","type":"publication","language":"und","created":"1574878430","changed":"1574878430","tnid":"0","translate":"0","revision_timestamp":"1574878430","revision_uid":"39","field_author":{"und":[{"value":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley","format":null,"safe_value":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley"}]},"field_publication_date":{"und":[{"value":"2019-12-01 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"field_publication_name_page_numb":{"und":[{"value":"Columbia Books on Architecture and the City","format":null,"safe_value":"Columbia Books on Architecture and the City"}]},"field_keywords":[],"field_pdf":[],"field_publication_link":{"und":[{"url":"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/ways-of-knowing-cities\/9781941332580","title":null,"attributes":[],"original_title":null,"original_url":"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/ways-of-knowing-cities\/9781941332580"}]},"field_publication_description":{"und":[{"value":"Technology mediates how we know and experience cities, and the nature of this mediation has always been deeply political. Today, the production and deployment of data is at the forefront of projects to grasp and reshape urban life. Ways of Knowing Cities considers the role of technology in generating, materializing, and contesting urban epistemologies\u2014tracing an arc from ubiquitous sites of \u201csmart\u201d urbanism, to discrete struggles over infrastructural governance, to forgotten histories of segregation now naturalized in urban algorithms, to exceptional territories of border policing. Bringing together architects, urbanists, artists, and scholars of critical migration studies, media theory, geography, anthropology, and literature, the essays stage a deeply interdisciplinary conversation, interrogating the ways in which certain ways of knowing are predicated on the erasure of others. In this opening, the book engages the information systems that structure urban space and social life in it, historically and in the present moment, to imagine alternative practices and generate new critical perspectives on spatial research.\r\n\r\nWays of Knowing Cities includes texts by Eve Blau, Simone Browne, Maribel Casas-Cortes, Wendy Chun, Sebastian Cobarrubias, Beth Coleman, V. Mitch McEwen, Orit Halpern, Charles Heller, Shannon Mattern, Leah Meisterlin, Tinashe Mushakavanhu, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Dietmar Offenhuber, Lorenzo Pezzani, Anita Say Chan, and Matthew W. Wilson.","format":null,"safe_value":"Technology mediates how we know and experience cities, and the nature of this mediation has always been deeply political. Today, the production and deployment of data is at the forefront of projects to grasp and reshape urban life. Ways of Knowing Cities considers the role of technology in generating, materializing, and contesting urban epistemologies\u2014tracing an arc from ubiquitous sites of \u201csmart\u201d urbanism, to discrete struggles over infrastructural governance, to forgotten histories of segregation now naturalized in urban algorithms, to exceptional territories of border policing. Bringing together architects, urbanists, artists, and scholars of critical migration studies, media theory, geography, anthropology, and literature, the essays stage a deeply interdisciplinary conversation, interrogating the ways in which certain ways of knowing are predicated on the erasure of others. In this opening, the book engages the information systems that structure urban space and social life in it, historically and in the present moment, to imagine alternative practices and generate new critical perspectives on spatial research.\r\n\r\nWays of Knowing Cities includes texts by Eve Blau, Simone Browne, Maribel Casas-Cortes, Wendy Chun, Sebastian Cobarrubias, Beth Coleman, V. Mitch McEwen, Orit Halpern, Charles Heller, Shannon Mattern, Leah Meisterlin, Tinashe Mushakavanhu, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Dietmar Offenhuber, Lorenzo Pezzani, Anita Say Chan, and Matthew W. Wilson."}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"112"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"Ways of Knowing Cities considers the role of technology in generating, materializing, and contesting urban epistemologies\u2014tracing an arc from ubiquitous sites of \u201csmart\u201d urbanism, to discrete struggles over infrastructural governance, to forgotten histories of segregation now naturalized in urban algorithms, to exceptional territories of border policing. Bringing together architects, urbanists, artists, and scholars of critical migration studies, media theory, geography, anthropology, and literature, the essays stage a deeply interdisciplinary conversation, interrogating the ways in which certain ways of knowing are predicated on the erasure of others.\r\n","format":null,"safe_value":"Ways of Knowing Cities considers the role of technology in generating, materializing, and contesting urban epistemologies\u2014tracing an arc from ubiquitous sites of \u201csmart\u201d urbanism, to discrete struggles over infrastructural governance, to forgotten histories of segregation now naturalized in urban algorithms, to exceptional territories of border policing. Bringing together architects, urbanists, artists, and scholars of critical migration studies, media theory, geography, anthropology, and literature, the essays stage a deeply interdisciplinary conversation, interrogating the ways in which certain ways of knowing are predicated on the erasure of others.\r\n"}]},"field_lead_image":{"und":[{"fid":"997","uid":"39","filename":"CSR_2019_ways of knowing cities-01.jpg","uri":"public:\/\/CSR_2019_ways of knowing cities-01.jpg","filemime":"image\/jpeg","filesize":"96248","status":"1","timestamp":"1574878430","type":"image","field_image_caption":[],"field_file_image_alt_text":[],"field_file_image_title_text":[],"metadata":{"height":1042,"width":2043},"height":"1042","width":"2043","alt":"","title":""}]},"field_author_c4sr":[],"field_author_last_names_for_tabl":{"und":[{"value":"Kurgan, Brawley","format":null,"safe_value":"Kurgan, Brawley"}]},"field_publication_short_title_ca":{"und":[{"value":"Ways of Knowing Cities","format":null,"safe_value":"Ways of Knowing Cities"}]},"field_is_website_":{"und":[{"value":"0"}]},"field_pub_themes":{"und":[{"tid":"94"},{"tid":"83"},{"tid":"90"},{"tid":"89"},{"tid":"111"}]},"field_methods":[],"field_dashboard_sort_date":{"und":[{"value":"2019-12-01 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"path":"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/ways-of-knowing-cities\/9781941332580","name":"dare","picture":"0","data":"a:5:{s:16:\u0022ckeditor_default\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:20:\u0022ckeditor_show_toggle\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;s:14:\u0022ckeditor_width\u0022;s:4:\u0022100%\u0022;s:13:\u0022ckeditor_lang\u0022;s:2:\u0022en\u0022;s:18:\u0022ckeditor_auto_lang\u0022;s:1:\u0022t\u0022;}","caption":"Ways of Knowing Cities","target_blank":true,"carousel_image":"\u003Cimg class=\u0022img-responsive\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/csr_carousel_small\/public\/CSR_2019_ways%20of%20knowing%20cities-01.jpg?itok=dM7udNds\u0022 width=\u0022190\u0022 height=\u0022120\u0022 alt=\u0022\u0022 \/\u003E","initiative":"Architecture, Urbanism, and the Humanities","sort_date":"2019","author":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley","pub_name":"Columbia Books on Architecture and the City","pub_link":"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/ways-of-knowing-cities\/9781941332580","pub_pdf":"","image_uri":"public:\/\/CSR_2019_ways of knowing cities-01.jpg","image_large":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/c4sr_large_inline_slideshow_980x500\/public\/CSR_2019_ways%20of%20knowing%20cities-01.jpg?itok=YZmrzWVF","image_small":"https:\/\/c4sr.columbia.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/homepage-400x300\/public\/CSR_2019_ways%20of%20knowing%20cities-01.jpg?itok=E5l9b08M"}},{"nid":"513","access":true,"node":{"vid":"513","uid":"39","title":"Weak Ties: the Urban History of an Algorithm","log":"","status":"1","comment":"0","promote":"0","sticky":"0","nid":"513","type":"publication","language":"und","created":"1603835249","changed":"1603836144","tnid":"0","translate":"0","revision_timestamp":"1603836144","revision_uid":"39","field_author":{"und":[{"value":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jia Zhang, Wendy Hui Kong Chun","format":null,"safe_value":"Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jia Zhang, Wendy Hui Kong Chun"}]},"field_publication_date":{"und":[{"value":"2020-10-27 00:00:00","timezone":"America\/New_York","timezone_db":"America\/New_York","date_type":"datetime"}]},"field_publication_name_page_numb":{"und":[{"value":"e-flux Architecture","format":null,"safe_value":"e-flux Architecture"}]},"field_keywords":[],"field_pdf":[],"field_publication_link":{"und":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.e-flux.com\/architecture\/are-friends-electric\/348398\/weak-ties-the-urban-history-of-an-algorithm\/","title":null,"attributes":[],"original_title":null,"original_url":"https:\/\/www.e-flux.com\/architecture\/are-friends-electric\/348398\/weak-ties-the-urban-history-of-an-algorithm\/"}]},"field_publication_description":{"und":[{"value":"Whether it is online or in our daily physical routines, we interact with others\u2014close friends, acquaintances, familiar and unfamiliar strangers\u2014in ways that over time come to show patterns. Network theory represents these relationships as graphs, using the visual language of ties (lines) connecting nodes (circles) to describe the topography and dynamics of families, friendship groups, workplaces, neighborhoods, and communities. Since it was first theorized in 1973 by economic sociologist Mark Granovetter, the concept of \u201cweak ties\u201d (connections between acquaintances) rather than \u201cstrong ties\u201d (connections between friends) has been foundational to understanding how information and influence travels within networks. The concept is central to current social media sites such as LinkedIn, a professional networking platform with more than 690 million users, which cultivates and capitalizes on weak ties to help users find jobs. They are also key to seemingly more intimate sites: Facebook, for instance, which describes users as \u201cfriends,\u201d has used an analysis of weak ties to explain how its users gain novel information from contacts with whom they do not often interact. Granovetter\u2019s hypothesis of the \u201cstrength of weak ties,\u201d like other central network science concepts such as homophily, drew from ethnographic studies within mid-century urban sociology. If homophily, the idea that similarity breeds connection, underlies the polarization that occurs in many online networks, weak ties can be used to combat polarization and acknowledge\u2014even activate\u2014the fact that we live in a world of difference. Weak ties offer a way to engage the rich ambivalence that pervades everyday interactions with acquaintances. IMAGE CREDIT: Herbert Gans, c. 1957. Herbert Gans papers, 1944\u20132004, Columbia University Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","format":null,"safe_value":"Whether it is online or in our daily physical routines, we interact with others\u2014close friends, acquaintances, familiar and unfamiliar strangers\u2014in ways that over time come to show patterns. Network theory represents these relationships as graphs, using the visual language of ties (lines) connecting nodes (circles) to describe the topography and dynamics of families, friendship groups, workplaces, neighborhoods, and communities. Since it was first theorized in 1973 by economic sociologist Mark Granovetter, the concept of \u201cweak ties\u201d (connections between acquaintances) rather than \u201cstrong ties\u201d (connections between friends) has been foundational to understanding how information and influence travels within networks. The concept is central to current social media sites such as LinkedIn, a professional networking platform with more than 690 million users, which cultivates and capitalizes on weak ties to help users find jobs. They are also key to seemingly more intimate sites: Facebook, for instance, which describes users as \u201cfriends,\u201d has used an analysis of weak ties to explain how its users gain novel information from contacts with whom they do not often interact. Granovetter\u2019s hypothesis of the \u201cstrength of weak ties,\u201d like other central network science concepts such as homophily, drew from ethnographic studies within mid-century urban sociology. If homophily, the idea that similarity breeds connection, underlies the polarization that occurs in many online networks, weak ties can be used to combat polarization and acknowledge\u2014even activate\u2014the fact that we live in a world of difference. Weak ties offer a way to engage the rich ambivalence that pervades everyday interactions with acquaintances. IMAGE CREDIT: Herbert Gans, c. 1957. Herbert Gans papers, 1944\u20132004, Columbia University Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library."}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"Whether it is online or in our daily physical routines, we interact with others\u2014close friends, acquaintances, familiar and unfamiliar strangers\u2014in ways that over time come to show patterns. Network theory represents these relationships as graphs, using the visual language of ties (lines) connecting nodes (circles) to describe the topography and dynamics of families, friendship groups, workplaces, neighborhoods, and communities. The \u201cstrength of weak ties,\u201d like other central network science concepts such as homophily, drew from ethnographic studies within mid-century urban sociology. If homophily, the idea that similarity breeds connection, underlies the polarization that occurs in many online networks, weak ties can be used to combat polarization and acknowledge\u2014even activate\u2014the fact that we live in a world of difference. Weak ties offer a way to engage the rich ambivalence that pervades everyday interactions with acquaintances. ","format":null,"safe_value":"Whether it is online or in our daily physical routines, we interact with others\u2014close friends, acquaintances, familiar and unfamiliar strangers\u2014in ways that over time come to show patterns. Network theory represents these relationships as graphs, using the visual language of ties (lines) connecting nodes (circles) to describe the topography and dynamics of families, friendship groups, workplaces, neighborhoods, and communities. The \u201cstrength of weak ties,\u201d like other central network science concepts such as homophily, drew from ethnographic studies within mid-century urban sociology. If homophily, the idea that similarity breeds connection, underlies the polarization that occurs in many online networks, weak ties can be used to combat polarization and acknowledge\u2014even activate\u2014the fact that we live in a world of difference. Weak ties offer a way to engage the rich ambivalence that pervades everyday interactions with acquaintances. 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Layering these closures with policies, economic and community impact, pushback, political positions, environmental concerns, as well as the decentralization of the criminal justice system, this research seeks to envision post-prison futures in the rural towns of upstate New York. It also explores the flows and transfers through the prison economy that interconnect these towns and New York City. A range of visions focus on prisons, towns or the system of mass incarceration, and consider state infrastructures- carceral, water, food, power, waste- as urban exostructures.","format":null,"safe_value":"With a 56% reduction in prison population since 2000, 26 prisons in New York State have closed and more are set to be closed. Layering these closures with policies, economic and community impact, pushback, political positions, environmental concerns, as well as the decentralization of the criminal justice system, this research seeks to envision post-prison futures in the rural towns of upstate New York. It also explores the flows and transfers through the prison economy that interconnect these towns and New York City. A range of visions focus on prisons, towns or the system of mass incarceration, and consider state infrastructures- carceral, water, food, power, waste- as urban exostructures."}]},"field_pub_initiative":{"und":[{"tid":"78"}]},"field_intro_text":{"und":[{"value":"With a 56% reduction in prison population since 2000, 26 prisons in New York State have closed and more are set to be closed. Layering these closures with policies, economic and community impact, pushback, political positions, environmental concerns, as well as the decentralization of the criminal justice system, this research seeks to envision post-prison futures in the rural towns of upstate New York. It also explores the flows and transfers through the prison economy that interconnect these towns and New York City. A range of visions focus on prisons, towns or the system of mass incarceration, and consider state infrastructures- carceral, water, food, power, waste- as urban exostructures.","format":null,"safe_value":"With a 56% reduction in prison population since 2000, 26 prisons in New York State have closed and more are set to be closed. Layering these closures with policies, economic and community impact, pushback, political positions, environmental concerns, as well as the decentralization of the criminal justice system, this research seeks to envision post-prison futures in the rural towns of upstate New York. It also explores the flows and transfers through the prison economy that interconnect these towns and New York City. 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